Jose Rizal

Meaning of Measurement Measurementâ is the procedure or the aftereffect of deciding theâ ratioâ of aâ physical amount, for example, a length, time, temperature and so forth , to a unit of estimation, for example, the meter, second or degree Celsius. The study of estimation is calledâ metrology. The English wordâ measurementâ originates from the Latin mensura and the verbâ metiriâ through the Middle Frenchâ mesure. Reference: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Measurement Quantities *Basic FundamentalQuantity name/s| (Common) Quantity image/s| SI unit name| SI unit symbol| Dimension symbol| Length, width, stature, depth| a, b, c, d, h, l, r, s, w, x, y, z| metre| m| [L]| Time| t| second| s| [T]| Mass| m| kilogram| kg| [M]| Temperature| T, ? | kelvin| K| [? ]| Amount ofâ substance, number of moles| n| mole| mol| [N]| Electric current| I, I| ampere| A| [I]| Luminous intensity| Iv| candela| Cd| [J]| Plane angle| ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? | radian| rad| dimensionless| Solid angle| ? , ? | steradian| sr| dimensionless| Derived Quantities Space Common) Quantity name/s| (Common) Quantity symbol| SI unit| Dimension| (Spatial)â position (vector)| r, R, a, d| m| [L]| Angular position, edge of turn (can be treated as vector or scalar)| ? , ? | rad| dimensionless| Area, cross-section| A, S, ? | m2| [L]2| Vector area (Magnitude of surface territory, coordinated ordinary totangentialâ plane of surface)| | m2| [L]2| Volume| ? , V| m3| [L]3| Quantity| Typical symbols| Definition| Meaning, usage| Dimension| Quantity| q| Amount of a property| [q]| Rate of progress of quantity, Time derivative| | Rate of progress of property regarding time| [q] [T]? 1| Quantity spatial density| ? volume thickness (nâ = 3),â ? = surface thickness (nâ = 2),â ? = straight thickness (nâ = 1)No basic image forâ n-space thickness, hereâ ? nâ is utilized. | Amount of property per unit n-space(length, zone, volume or higher dimensions)| [q][L]-n| Specific quantity | qm| | Amount of property per unit mass| [q][L]-n| Molar quantity| qn| | Amount of property per mole of substance| [q][L]-n| Quantity angle (ifâ qâ is aâ scalar field. | Rate of progress of property as for position| [q] [L]? 1| Spectral amount (for EM waves)| qv, q? , q? | Two definitions are utilized, for recurrence and frequency: | Amount of property per unit frequency or recurrence. [q][L]? 1â (q? )[q][T] (q? )| Flux, stream (synonymous)| ? F, F| Two definitions are used;Transport mechanics,â nuclear material science/molecule material science: Vector field: | Flow of a property however a cross-segment/surface limit. | [q] [T]? 1 [L]? 2, [F] [L]2| Flux density| F| | Flow of a property however a cross-segment/surface limit per unit cross-segment/surface area| [F]| Current| I, I| | Rate of stream of property through a crosssection/surface boundary| [q] [T]? 1| Current thickness (some of the time called motion thickness in transport mechanics)| j, J| | Rate of stream of pro perty per unit cross-segment/surface area| [q] [T]? 1 [L]? | Reference: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Physical_quantity#General_derived_quantities http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Physical_quantity#Base_quantities System of Units Unit name| Unit symbol| Quantity| Definition (Incomplete)| Dimension symbol| metre| m| length| * Originalâ (1793):â 1? 10000000â of the meridian through Paris between the North Pole and the EquatorFG * Currentâ (1983): The separation went by light in vacuum inâ 1? 299792458â of a second| L| kilogram[note 1]| kg| mass| * Originalâ (1793): Theâ graveâ was characterized similar to the weight [mass] of one cubic decimetre of unadulterated water at its freezing point.FG * Currentâ (1889): The mass of the International Prototype Kilogram| M| second| s| time| * Original (Medieval): 1? 86400â of per day * Currentâ (1967): The span ofâ 9 192 631 770â periods of the radiation relating to the progress between the two hyperfine degr ees of the ground condition of the caesium 133 atom| T| ampere| A| electric current| * Originalâ (1881): A tenth of the electromagnetic CGS unit of flow. [The [CGS] emu unit of current is that current, streaming in a bend 1â cm long of a hover 1â cm in range makes a field of one oersted at the inside. 37]]. IEC * Currentâ (1946): The steady momentum which, whenever kept up in two straight equal conductors of vast length, of irrelevant roundabout cross-segment, and put 1â m separated in vacuum, would create between these conductors a power equivalent to 2 x 10-7â newton per meter of length| I| kelvin| K| thermodynamic temperature| * Originalâ (1743): Theâ centigrade scaleâ is acquired by doling out 0â ° to the point of solidification of water and 100â ° to the breaking point of water. * Currentâ (1967): The division 1/273. 16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple purpose of water| ? mole| mol| measure of substance| * Originalâ (1900): The sub-atomic load of a su bstance in mass grams. ICAW * Currentâ (1967): The measure of substance of a framework which contains the same number of rudimentary elements as there are particles in 0. 012 kilogram of carbon 12. [note 2]| N| candela| cd| iridescent intensity| * Original (1946):The estimation of the new light is with the end goal that the splendor of the full radiator at the temperature of hardening of platinum is 60 new candles for each square centimeter * Currentâ (1979): The brilliant power, in a provided guidance, of a source that transmits monochromatic radiation of recurrence 540â ? 012â hertz and that has a brilliant force toward that path of 1/683 watt for each steradian. | J| Reference: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/International_System_of_Units Scientific Notation Scientific notationâ (more usually known asâ standard structure) is a method for composing numbers that are too huge or too little to even consider being helpfully written in decimal structure. Logical documen tation has various valuable properties and is generally utilized in adding machines and by researchers, mathematicians and engineers.In logical documentation all numbers are written as (aâ times ten raised to the force ofâ b), where theâ exponentâ bâ is anâ integer, and theâ coefficientâ aâ is anyâ real numberâ (however, seeâ normalized notationâ below), called theâ significandâ orâ mantissa. The term â€Å"mantissa† may create turmoil, be that as it may, in light of the fact that it can likewise allude to theâ fractionalâ part of the commonâ logarithm. On the off chance that the number is negative, at that point a short sign precedesâ aâ (as in conventional decimal documentation). â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Converting numbers Converting a number in these cases intends to either change over the number into logical documentation structure, convert it once more into decimal structure or to change the ty pe some portion of the condition. None of these adjust the genuine number, just how it's communicated. Decimal to logical First, move the decimal separator point the required amount,â n, to make the number's an incentive inside an ideal range, somewhere in the range of 1 and 10 for standardized documentation. In the event that the decimal was moved to one side, appendâ xâ 10n; to the right,â xâ 10-n.To speak to the number 1,230,400 in standardized logical documentation, the decimal separator would be moved 6 digits to one side andâ xâ 106â appended, coming about in1. 2304? 106. The number - 0. 004â 0321 would have its decimal separator moved 3 digits to one side rather than the left and yieldâ ? 4. 0321? 10? 3â as an outcome. Logical to decimal Converting a number from logical documentation to decimal documentation, first expel theâ x 10nâ on the end, at that point move the decimal separatorâ nâ digits to one side (positiveâ n) or left (negativeâ n). The number1. 23 04? 06â would have its decimal separator moved 6 digits to one side and become 1 230 400, whileâ ? 4. 0321? 10? 3â would have its decimal separator moved 3 digits to one side and be-0. 0040321. Exponential Conversion between various logical documentation portrayals of a similar number with various exponential qualities is accomplished by performing inverse activities of increase or division by an intensity of ten on the significand and a deduction or expansion of one on the example part. The decimal separator in the significand is shiftedâ xâ places to one side (or right) and 1xâ is added to (deducted from) the example, as demonstrated as follows. . 234? 103â =â 12. 34? 102â =â 123. 4? 101â = 1234 Significant Figures Theâ significant figuresâ (also known asâ significant digits, and regularly abbreviated toâ sig figs) of a number are thoseâ digitsâ that convey importance adding to itsâ precision. This incorporates all digitsexcept: * leadingâ andâ trailing zerosâ which are just placeholders to show the size of the number. * fake digits presented, for instance, by estimations completed to more prominent exactness than that of the first information, or estimations answered to a more prominent accuracy than the hardware supports.Inaccuracy of an estimating gadget doesn't influence the quantity of critical figures in an estimation made utilizing that gadget, in spite of the fact that it affects the precision. An estimation made utilizing a plastic ruler that has been forgotten about in the sun or a container that unbeknownst to the expert has a couple of glass globules at the base has indistinguishable number of huge figures from an altogether extraordinary estimation of the equivalent physical article made utilizing an unaltered ruler or measuring utencil. The quantity of huge figures mirrors the gadget's accuracy, yet not its accuracy.The fundamental idea of critical figures is regularly utilized in association withâ rounding. Adjusting to noteworthy figures is a more broadly useful strategy than adjusting toâ nâ decimal places, since it handles quantities of various scales in a uniform manner. For instance, the number of inhabitants in a city may just be known to the closest thousand and be